Diagnostic hysteroscopy can help assess the causes of infertility. It allows direct visualization of the uterine cavity, the endometrial mucus (endometritis, adenomyosis) and the cervical canal.

Surgical hysteroscopy is used to treat anomalies that could be causing fertility issues. For example, it allows resection of submucous myomas and polyps and of septa and adhesions.

In some cases a Laparoscopy can be used both to diagnose and to treat a fertility issue. It involves one, two, or three very small cuts in the abdomen, through which the doctor inserts a laparoscope and specialized surgical instruments.

Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is an X-ray procedure that is used to view the inside of the uterus and fallopian tubes. It is used to check if the fallopian tubes are partially or fully blocked. It also can show if the inside of the uterus is of a normal size and shape. These are helpful in diagnosings the cause of infertility.

Sperm analysis will evaluate the concentration, motility, volume and morphology of espermatozoides to assess if there are any items causing fertility problems.

This is typically done through an AMH, or anti-Mullerian hormone, blood test and an antral follicle count. A fertility specialist will use these numbers to estimate a woman’s total ovarian reserve.